Zama zamas operate in some 6,000 disused mines, some of which have connected tunnels or shafts. Mining companies in the past dug vertical tunnels deep underground to reach gold. Unauthorised ...

Stilfontein, a hotspot for South Africa's illegal gold trade, generates millions for criminal syndicates, exploiting abandoned shafts. Miners recount coerced labour, brutal treatment, and survival ...

On Wednesday, 20 illegal miners surfaced through the Margaret Shaft in the North West, the youngest just 14-years-old.

Late on Sunday night, 14 zama zamas surfaced from deep underground at a disused mine in Stilfontein, where a major operation against illegal mining is ongoing. Police were guarding the shaft's ...

Although Harmony Gold doesn’t own the mine where hundreds of illegal miners have set up shop, the zama zamas have been travelling kilometres underground from the disused shaft 11 to reemerge at ...

A 19-year-old and two 16-year-old boys were among 17 zama zamas arrested at different shafts in the area ... on Thursday said they were lured underground under false pretences.

The largest public project in the history of Fort Wayne — one that symbolizes the city’s bond with its rivers and the ...

Underground mining involves the use of tunnels and shafts to extract raw materials from deeper deposits. A dis-tinction is made between drift mining and underground mining. In drift mining ...

Historically at Copper Hill, reported high-grade copper was mined from underground shafts from skarn and porphyry-copper styled mineralization at the Copper Mountain Mine. Between 1914 to 1926 mining ...