On immune cells, Toll-like receptors are capable of detecting infections just like a sniffer dog, using special sensors known as Toll-like receptors, or TLRs for short. But what signals activate ...

Yes, the nose is often the first point of initial contact with the microbial world. That was certainly the lesson of COVID and helped to explain all those nasal swabbings.

"For instance, it's quite possible that different molecules stimulate the same TLR but trigger different ... when the receptor switches on a certain signaling pathway in which these molecules ...

These results suggest that remodeling requires TLR signaling pathways that diverge from the c-Rel activation pathways. The factors that stimulate remodeling may represent, therefore, newly ...

Activation of TLR signaling by viral ligands establishes primarily antiviral responses. However, certain viral infections develop TLR-mediated detrimental immunity to the host. Many viruses have ...

“For instance, it’s quite possible that different molecules stimulate the same TLR but trigger different ... when the receptor switches on a certain signaling pathway in which these molecules ...

The upstream signaling pathways leading to activation of autophagy are not known and currently under investigation in our laboratory. Our recent study links autophagy to innate immunity toll-like ...